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Covers the design, development, and application of medical devices.

ypes and sources of water
Water refers to a chemical substance consisting of two hydrogen atoms bound to the central oxygen atom via a covalent
bond. This configuration results in a molecule that is polar. Since a water molecule is polarized,
the electropositive hydrogen of one water molecule is electrostatically attracted to the electronegative oxygen atom of the
nearby water molecule. The electrostatic dipole-dipole interaction between water molecules is called hydrogen bond. The
transient hydrogen bonds between water molecules form a transparent, colorless, odorless, and tasteless liquid. Apart from
liquid, water may also occur in other forms such as gas (as water vapour) and solid (as ice). The hydrogen bonds between
water molecules are responsible for the water?s distinctive properties such as high boiling point (100 °C), highsurface
tension, specific heat, and heat of vaporization.